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आज English Class का 2nd Day है,और आज से अगले 3 से 4 दिन तक हम Tense पढ़ेंगे; क्योंकि यह एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण Topic है। Tense पर Perfect Knowledge होना अत्यंत आवश्यक है। हरदिन इस एक घंटे के क्लास से हम धीरे-धीरे English Grammar पर पकड़ बना लेंगे। आज हम Present Tense-1 अर्थात वर्तमान काल से शुरु करेंगे।



Simple Present Tense:(Present Tense-1)


Definition: Simple present tense is used to express habitual actions, general truths, and routines that occur in the present.
Example: She reads books every day.
Affirmativeहाँ-वाचक: Subject + base verb (He reads books.)
Negative नावाचक: Subject + do/does not + base verb (He does not read books.)
Interrogative प्रश्नवाचक: Do/Does + subject + base verb? (Does he read books?)

Explanation: In affirmative sentences, we use the base form of the verb for all subjects except third-person singular, where we add “s/es.”

In negative sentences, we use “do not” for plural subjects and “does not” for the third-person singular.

In interrogative sentences, we use “do” for plural subjects and “does” for the third-person singular, followed by the subject and the base verb.

Present Tense-1

Practice on Simple Present Tense

  1. Sentence: She reads books every day.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

2. Sentence: They play basketball in the park.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

3. Sentence: He speaks fluent French.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

4. Sentence:The sun rises in the east.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

5. Sentence: I eat lunch at 12 o’clock.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

Some common mistakes related to Simple Present Tense

Mistake 1: Using the incorrect verb form for third-person singular subjects. Examples:

  • Incorrect: He play video games all day.
  • Correct: He plays video games all day.

Mistake 2: Using the simple present instead of the present continuous. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am loving this song.
  • Correct: I love this song.

Mistake 3: Using the present tense to describe past events. Examples:

  • Incorrect: Yesterday, I walk to the store.
  • Correct: Yesterday, I walked to the store.

Mistake 4: Not using the simple present to describe habits, facts, or universal truths. Examples:

  • Incorrect: The Earth is rotating around the sun every 24 hours.
  • Correct: The Earth rotates around the sun every 24 hours.

Mistake 5: Not using the simple present to describe future events that are part of a schedule or plan. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I will fly to New York tomorrow.
  • Correct: I am flying to New York tomorrow.

Mistake 6: Using adverbs of frequency in the wrong position. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I always drink coffee in the morning.
  • Correct: I drink coffee in the morning always.

Mistake 7: Using present tense to describe ongoing actions that are happening at the moment. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am watching TV now.
  • Correct: I watch TV now.

Mistake 8: Using the present tense to describe a state or condition that is temporary. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have a headache.
  • Correct: I am having a headache.

Mistake 9: Not using the present tense for actions that are repeated or habitual. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I go to the gym once a month.
  • Correct: I go to the gym every week.

Mistake 10: Using the present tense to describe something that is always true. Examples:

  • Incorrect: The sun is setting in the west today.
  • Correct: The sun sets in the west every day.

Click for more practice

Present Continuous Tense:

Video Explanation

Definition: Present continuous tense is used to express ongoing actions happening in the present.
Example: They are playing football in the field.
Affirmative हाँ-वाचक: Subject + “be” verb (is/are) + present participle (-ing form) (They are playing.)
Negative नावाचक: Subject + “be” verb + not + present participle (They are not playing.)
Interrogative प्रश्नवाचक: “Be” verb + subject + present participle? (Are they playing?)

Explanation: In affirmative sentences, we use the appropriate form of “be” (is/are) followed by the present participle of the verb (-ing form).
In negative sentences, we add “not” after the “be” verb.
In interrogative sentences, we start with the “be” verb and invert it with the subject, followed by the present participle.

Practice on Present Continuous Tense

6. Sentence: She is studying for her exams right now.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

7. Sentence: They are playing football in the field.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

8. Sentence: He is talking on the phone at the moment.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

9. Sentence: The kids are watching a movie in the living room.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

10. Sentence: I am working on a project for school.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

10 common mistakes related to Present Continuous Tense

Mistake 1: Using the present continuous to describe a habitual or repeated action. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am going to the gym every day.
  • Correct: I go to the gym every day.

Mistake 2: Using the present continuous to describe a general or permanent state. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am liking this new job.
  • Correct: I like this new job.

Mistake 3: Using the present continuous instead of the simple present to describe scheduled future events. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am flying to London next week.
  • Correct: I fly to London next week.

Mistake 4: Not using the present continuous for actions that are currently happening. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I write a book.
  • Correct: I am writing a book.

Mistake 5: Using the present continuous to describe a state or condition that is not temporary. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am having a headache.
  • Correct: I have a headache.

Mistake 6: Not using the present continuous to describe an action that is ongoing but not happening at the moment. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I write a book about climate change.
  • Correct: I am writing a book about climate change.

Mistake 7: Using the present continuous to describe actions that are not happening in the present. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am reading this book yesterday.
  • Correct: I was reading this book yesterday.

Mistake 8: Using non-action verbs (such as “like,” “love,” “hate,” “prefer”) with the present continuous. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am liking this new movie.
  • Correct: I like this new movie.

Mistake 9: Not using the present continuous to describe actions that are happening simultaneously. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I write while she reads.
  • Correct: I am writing while she is reading.

Mistake 10: Using the present continuous to describe actions that are not happening now or in the future. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I am eating sushi tomorrow.
  • Correct: I will eat sushi tomorrow.

Present Perfect Tense

Video Explanation click here

Definition: Present perfect tense is used to describe past actions with a connection to the present.

Example: She has visited Paris several times.

Affirmative: Subject + has/have + past participle (She has visited.)

Negative: Subject + has/have + not + past participle (She has not visited.)

Interrogative: Has/Have + subject + past participle? (Has she visited?)

Explanation:

In affirmative sentences, we use “has” with third-person singular subjects and “have” with plural subjects, followed by the past participle of the verb.

In negative sentences, we add “not” after “has” or “have.”

In interrogative sentences, we start with “has” or “have” and invert it with the subject, followed by the past participle.

10 common mistakes related to Present Perfect Tense

Mistake 1: Using the present perfect to describe a specific past time or event. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have eaten breakfast at 7am this morning.
  • Correct: I ate breakfast at 7am this morning.

Mistake 2: Using the present perfect to describe a finished action with a specific past time. Examples:

  • Incorrect: He has finished his homework yesterday.
  • Correct: He finished his homework yesterday.

Mistake 3: Using the present perfect without a specific time reference for a finished action. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have eaten sushi many times.
  • Correct: I ate sushi many times.

Mistake 4: Using the present perfect with a time expression that refers to a finished past time. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have visited Japan last year.
  • Correct: I visited Japan last year.

Mistake 5: Using the present perfect to describe a past action with a result that is still true. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have lost my phone, so I don’t have it now.
  • Correct: I lost my phone, so I don’t have it now.

Mistake 6: Using the present perfect to describe an action that has no connection to the present. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have visited France in 2010.
  • Correct: I visited France in 2010.

Mistake 7: Using the present perfect to describe a past action that happened at a specific time. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have met him yesterday.
  • Correct: I met him yesterday.

Mistake 8: Using the present perfect instead of the simple past to describe a series of completed actions in the past. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have walked to the park, saw some ducks, and played frisbee.
  • Correct: I walked to the park, saw some ducks, and played frisbee.

Mistake 9: Using non-action verbs (such as “like,” “love,” “hate,” “prefer”) with the present perfect. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have loved this song for years.
  • Correct: I have liked this song for years.

Mistake 10: Using the present perfect to describe a past action that is not important or relevant to the present. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have eaten cereal for breakfast this morning.
  • Correct: I ate cereal for breakfast this morning.

Practice on Present Perfect Tense

11. Sentence: She has visited Paris several times.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

11. Sentence: She has visited Paris several times.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

12. Sentence: They have finished their assignments already.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

13. Sentence: He has lived in this city for ten years.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

14. Sentence: The team has won the championship.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

15. Sentence: I have seen that movie before.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

More on Present Tense

Present Perfect Continuous Tense:

Video Explanation Click here

Definition: Present perfect continuous tense is used to express ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present.
Example:She has been studying for three hours.
Affirmative: Subject + has/have been + present participle (She has been studying.)
Negative: Subject + has/have not been + present participle (She has not been studying.)
Interrogative: Has/Have + subject + been + present participle? (Has she been studying?)

Explanation:

In affirmative sentences, we use “has been” with third-person singular subjects and “have been” with plural subjects, followed by the present participle of the verb.

In negative sentences, we add “not” after “has been” or “have been.” In interrogative sentences, we start with “has been” or “have been” and invert it with the subject, followed by the present participle.

In interrogative sentences, we start with “has been” or “have been” and invert it with the subject, followed by the present participle.

10 common mistakes related to Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Mistake 1: Using the present perfect continuous instead of the present perfect to describe a finished action. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been to Paris last year.
  • Correct: I went to Paris last year.

Mistake 2: Using the present perfect continuous instead of the present continuous to describe an ongoing action. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been living in this city for three years.
  • Correct: I am living in this city for three years.

Mistake 3: Using the present perfect continuous instead of the present perfect to describe an action that has recently stopped.Examples:

> Incorrect: I have been watching TV for five hours.

  • Correct: I have watched TV for five hours.

Mistake 4: Using the present perfect continuous without a clear time reference. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been exercising.
  • Correct: I have been exercising for an hour.

Mistake 5: Using the present perfect continuous to describe an action that has no connection to the present. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been working in that company for five years.
  • Correct: I worked in that company for five years.

Mistake 6: Using the present perfect continuous instead of the simple past to describe a series of completed actions in the past. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been walking to the park, saw some ducks, and played frisbee.
  • Correct: I walked to the park, saw some ducks, and played frisbee.

Mistake 7: Using non-action verbs (such as “like,” “love,” “hate,” “prefer”) with the present perfect continuous. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been liking this song for years.
  • Correct: I have been listening to this song for years.

Mistake 8: Using the present perfect continuous to describe a finished action with a specific past time. Examples:

  • Incorrect: He has been finished his homework yesterday.
  • Correct: He finished his homework yesterday.

Mistake 9: Using the present perfect continuous to describe a past action that happened at a specific time. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been meeting him yesterday.
  • Correct: I met him yesterday.

Mistake 10: Using the present perfect continuous to describe a past action that is not important or relevant to the present. Examples:

  • Incorrect: I have been eating cereal for breakfast this morning.
  • Correct: I ate cereal for breakfast this morning.

Practice on Present Perfect Continuous Tense

16. Sentence:She has been studying for three hours.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

17. Sentence: They have been working on the project all day.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

18. Sentence: He has been practicing the guitar since morning.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

19. Sentence: The baby has been crying for an hour.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

20. Sentence:I have been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes.

Make the above sentence in negative format.

Make the above sentence in question format.

For Test Click here